Electrowinning of nickel at the Bindura Smelting and …
Introduction. The refinery at the Bindura Smelting and Refining Company (B.S.R), Rhodesia, treats the nickel-copper-sulphide alloy that is produced in its pyrometallurgical smelting plant. The design of the refinery circuit was formulated by Outokumpu Oy, and the nickel and copper products are electrowon from solution.
Copper Metallurgy | SpringerLink
Download reference work entry PDF. ... The existing forms of nickel in anode are related to its content and the oxygen content in the anode. A part of nickel exists in the form of nickel oxide (NiO) or other more complex compounds in the anode. ... copper is produced by the smelting–pyrometallurgical refining–electrolytic refining process ...
How clean can the nickel industry become? | McKinsey
The unavoidable impacts of mining, smelting, and refining Class 1 nickel Leaving aside the impending shortage of Class 1 nickel, mining inevitably has an impact on an asset's surroundings. The International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) has defined a set of Mining Principles aimed at maximizing the benefits to local communities, …
Nickel isotope fractionation during laterite Ni ore smelting …
The FeNi production from laterite smelting follows four main steps: drying of the feeding material in rotating kiln, calcination with coal, oil or other organic products, reduction in electric furnace and finally, refining of the molten FeNi in an electric furnace (Crundwell et al., 2011).These smelting steps also produce a huge amount of by …
Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and Some Examples …
Recently, certain innovative processes have been tested either in the laboratory or at pilot-scale. In this paper, a literature review related to the smelting of laterites is made, with …
[PDF] Nickel isotope fractionation during laterite Ni ore smelting …
@article{Rati2016NickelIF, title={Nickel isotope fractionation during laterite Ni ore smelting and refining: Implications for tracing the sources of Ni in smelter-affected soils}, author={Gildas Rati{'e} and Cecile Quantin and Delphine Jouvin and Damien Calmels and Vojtěch Ettler and Yann Sivry and Lucieth Cruz Vieira and Emmanuel Ponzevera ...
[PDF] Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and Some …
The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, prereduction, and …
Nickel Smelting and Refining
Various processes are used to refine nickel matte. Fluid bed roasting and chlorine-hydrogen reduc- tion produce high-grade nickel oxides (more than 95% nickel). Vapor …
Babbitt
The American Smelting And Refining Company was founded in 1899 by Henry H. Rogers, William Rockefeller, Adolph ohn and Leonard ohn. In 1901 Meyer Guggenheim and his sons took over the company. The company changed its name to ASARCO Incorporated in 1975 and has operated under that name ever since.
(PDF) Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and …
Recently, certain innovative processes have been tested either in the laboratory or at pilot-scale. In this paper, a literature review …
Smelting of Nickel Sulfide Concentrates by Roasting and …
Jinchuan nickel-copper flash smelting slag is rich in iron, nickel, cobalt and copper, and JISCO converter slag is rich in iron, manganese and high CaO, etc., the two kind slags were blended, and ...
Ausmelt TSL Process
Nickel smelting and converting Ausmelt TSL Furnaces have been designed, built and operated to handle nickel concentrates with nickel content as low as 5%. Nickel converting is also available to upgrade low grade mattes before refining. PGM recovery can be targeted specifically using the Ausmelt TSL Process. Similarly,
Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines Base Metal …
The EHS Guidelines for Smelting & Refining cover information relevant to base metal smelting and refining of lead, zinc, copper, nickel, and aluminum. It does not include …
Environmental, health, and safety guidelines base metal smelting …
Daily Updates of the Latest Projects & Documents. The environmental, health, and safety (EHS) guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry specific examples of good international industry .
Nickel sulphide smelting and electrorefining practice: A …
Nickel in the form of cathodes, rounds, powders, and salts is well recognized as a useful commodity in domestic industries and/or export. ... Details of smelting and refining practice are provided for the three largest nickel producers. For completeness, other extractionprocesses involving a mixed sulphide, pellets from the carbonyl process ...
Guide to Modern Smelting Processes
2.2.2 Ore Preparation. Before smelting, raw ores often undergo preparation steps, including crushing, grinding, and beneficiation. The purpose of these steps is to increase the ore's surface area and remove impurities, making it suitable for smelting. Guide to Modern Smelting Processes –T09-002.
(PDF) Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Nickel …
Abstract and Figures. The primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from nickel smelting products have been assessed through case studies using a process model based on mass and ...
Nickel Smelting and Refining
The Canadian nickel smelting and refining industry consists of three companies which smelt and/or refine nickel. The nickel smelting operation transforms nickel concentrates into crude metal, vvhile the refining operation upgrades metal purity. Nickel is principally recovered from two types of ore: sulphide and latente.
Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Nickel …
The primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from nickel smelting products have been assessed through case studies using a process model based on mass and energy balance. The required primary energy for producing nickel metal, nickel oxide, ferronickel, and nickel pig iron is 174 GJ/t alloy (174 GJ/t contained …
OVERVIEW OF PGM PROCESSING
Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) are recovered through underground and open pit mining from poly-metallic sulphide ores containing PGMs, Nickel, Copper and other metals: Platinum (Pt), Palladium (Pd), Rhodium (Rh) and Ruthenium (Ru) are the most prevalent of the six PGMs, with Iridium (Ir), and Osmium (Os) found in much smaller quantities.
Nickel Smelting and Refining
The Canadian nickel smelting and refining industry consists of three companies which smelt and/or refine nickel. The nickel smelting operation transforms nickel concentrates …
Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and Some Examples …
Keywords: laterite; smelting; RKEF process; low-grade ferro-nickel 1. Introduction According to a review published by Diaz et al., oxide-type nickel ores accounted for 64% of land-based nickel ores, but more than 60% of nickel production was based on the matte smelting of sulfide ores in 1988 [1].
Nickel laterite processing and electrowinning practice
Ferronickel production. Processing of laterite ores traditionally consists of a two stage process using fossil fuels (eg., coal, oil, natural gas) in the kiln operation followed by electric furnace smelting of the calcine to produce a ferronickel product and discard slag, Lagendijk and Jones (1997).
23.2: Principles of Extractive Metallurgy
Summary. Extractive metallurgy is the practice of removing valuable metals from an ore and refining the extracted raw metals into purer form. The field of extractive metallurgy encompasses many specialty sub-disciplines, including mineral processing, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy.
(PDF) Refining Approaches in the Platinum …
This article will review the processes and value chain. developed to treat ores for PGM recovery, highlighting hydrometallurgical refining approaches. It groups processes according to their ...
[PDF] Vacuum induction melting | Semantic Scholar
PDF. 1 Excerpt; Save. Primary Mill Fabrication. ... Expand. PDF. Save. Estimation of the possibility of the evaporative refining of nickel alloys from detrimental impurities in vacuum. L. N. Belyanchikov ... Abstract—Analysis of the smelting and casting of cylindrical ingots of Inconel 718 alloy produced in a vacuum induction furnace at PAO ...
Taskinen, Pekka; Jokilaakso, Ari; Lindberg, Daniel; Xia, …
mining to refining, and even linked with metal prices [9]. Most copper smelters of today run with essentially continuous smelting step and use batch-wise operating matte converting and blister copper fire-refining steps. The smooth linking a continuous (Flash Smelting) and batch (Peirce-Smith matte converting) steps at the smelter requires accurate
Nickel Smelting and Refining: Environmental Guidelines For …
NickelSmelting.pdf - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. This document discusses nickel smelting and refining processes and their associated environmental impacts. It describes the two main types of nickel ore (lateritic and sulfidic) and their processing methods. The largest air pollutant is sulfur ...
Comprehensive Review on Metallurgical Upgradation Processes of Nickel
The low-grade nickel matte produced by flash smelting and bath smelting needs further converting to produce the high-grade nickel matte to meet the treatment requirements of refining process. The typical production process of high-grade nickel matte is shown in Fig. 2 .
Nickel sulphide smelting and electrorefining practice: A review
Details of smelting and refining practice are provided for the three largest nickel producers. For completeness, other extractionprocesses involving a mixed sulphide, pellets from the carbonyl process, nickel powders, and briquettes are noted in the compendium of nickel processing practice, which includes pyrometallurgical principles.