Pyrometallurgical options for recycling spent lithium-ion …
The industrial battery recycling process encompasses pyrometallurgy and subsequent refining steps to enhance the purity of the recovered product, as illustrated in Fig. 8. ... The process is a combination of the nickel hydrometallurgical refining process (Niihama Nickel Refinery) and copper pyrometallurgical refining process (Toyo Smelter).
metallurgy and hydrometallurgy copper
pyrometallurgy. This process consumes little water, ... Copper is prepared by roasting, melting and casting. The metal bar obtained is placed at an electro-refining anode in order to obtain an extremely pure copper cathode (consuming approximately 250 kWh · t –1 Cu). This unit produces little in the way of discharge, mainly residues from the ...
PYROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES …
Various pyrometallurgical methods for treating copper concentrates that contain appreciable arsenic are reviewed. Various aspects of the engineering of these treatment …
Formation mechanism of arsenic-containing dust in the
Generally, arsenic is volatilized into flue gas in the forms As 2 O 3 (g) and As 4 O 6 (g) in copper pyrometallurgy process, but the forms of arsenic that can occur in different types of dusts vary (possibly exist alone or together in the form of arsenic oxides, sulfides, and arsenate compounds in a certain type of dust) because of the ...
Minerals | Free Full-Text | Sensors and Process …
Despite the widespread and extended use of sensor systems in different industries, there is an important gap to reach equivalent conditions in pyrometallurgical processes for primary production. In the …
Pyrometallurgy | SpringerLink
Pyrometallurgy is a metallurgical process used to extract metals or their compounds from metallurgical raw materials or to refine them at high temperature. ... (such as copper and nickel), or some isolated pyrometallurgy processes can be adopted in the process dominated by other processes. In metallurgical production, all steel and iron, …
Primary Metal Production
In pyrometallurgy, metals are extracted by converting sulfides into oxides and then reducing oxides into metals, using carbon or carbon monoxide as reducing agents. The reactions for lead, zinc, and iron are given below. The reader is cautioned that the following chemical reactions are overly simplified versions of the actual processes.
Innovation and Sustainability in Pyrometallurgy | SpringerLink
An alternative process was to produce a bulk copper-nickel concentrate and smelted in oxygen flash furnaces and converted to produce a copper-nickel matte which could be subjected to beneficiation using the existing matte separation flowsheet. ... Oxygen pyrometallurgy at copper cliff – a half century of progress. JOM 48(1):14–21. …
Formation mechanism of arsenic-containing dust in the
The proper disposal of arsenic-containing smelting dust has been an important challenge in the copper pyrometallurgy industry which is mostly limited by the variability of arsenic content and ...
Pyrometallurgical Recovery of Valuable Metals from Flue Dusts of Copper
The products were crude lead, soda-based slag containing copper, lead and zinc, and secondary dust containing Cd, Pb, Zn, and Re. Lead was not fully recovered, and the slag and dust generated were required for further treatment. A combined hydro- and pyrometallurgy two-stage process was proposed to treat copper converter dust . The ...
(PDF) minerals Sensors and Process Control in …
In the specific case of copper pyrometallurgy, the situation is particularly challenging to incorporate the Industry 4.0 concept for the optimization of their operations.
Life cycle assessment of valuable metal extraction from copper
The solid waste directly produced in the copper pyrometallurgy process mainly include smelting slag, copper ash and anode slime, which all contain a variety of valuable metals (Song et al., 2013). The smelting slag from the copper smelting process generally holds a certain amount of Cu and Fe ( Li et al., 2021 ).
Process for refining copper in solid state
Pollution control The pyrometallurgy of copper leads to serious environmental problems due to the production of toxic substances such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead. ... The solid-state process for copper refining discussed herein can be implemented with the different smelting and converting processes currently …
Pyrometallurgical Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from …
Pyrometallurgical processes are a primary method to recover PGMs from spent catalyst.3 In general, they can be divided into three groups: smelting, chlorination, and sintering processes. Smelting Process. The smelting process is the mostly commonly employed approach for concentrating PGMs in many companies with advanced …
Chapter 6 Copper Production Technology
Table 6-6 summarizes the four types of solution mining. Vat, heap, and dump leaching are methods of hydrometallurgical processing of mined ore (see figure 6-13). Thus they are complements, not alternatives, to underground or open pit mining. In situ leaching is a stand-alone mining method (see figure 6-14).
Comparative life cycle assessment of copper and gold …
If pyrometallurgy is unavailable, we recommend either the chemical leaching process or the bioleaching process at 10 % PD. As with the combined process for copper and gold recovery, bioleaching of copper at 1 % PD leads to significantly greater environmental impact in comparison to the recommended processes. 4.
Simplified flow-sheet of pyrometallurgical process for copper
The use of seawater in Chilean copper mining has been driven by over-exploitation of water resources in arid or semi-arid regions, because 76% of the country's surface is affected by ...
Pyrometallurgy | Metallurgy for Dummies
Pyrometallurgy Basic Principle. The basic premise of most pyrometallurgical operations is simple: high-temperature chemistry is employed to segregate valuable metals in one phase while rejecting gangue and impurities in another phase. In most instances, both phases are molten (such as the matte and slag in a conventional copper smelting operation).
Pyrometallurgy | Metal Extraction, Heat Treatment & Refining
pyrometallurgy, extraction and purification of metals by processes involving the application of heat. The most important operations are roasting, smelting, and refining. Roasting, or heating in air without fusion, transforms sulfide ores into oxides, the sulfur escaping as sulfur dioxide, a gas. Smelting ( q.v.) is the process used in blast ...
A Review of Recent Advances in Pyrometallurgical Process …
The goal of a TC is to reduce the amount of copper concentrate lost from the smelting process, whether from slag or off gas. Figure 18 shows a schematic cross …
An Overview of Copper Smelting in Southern Africa
Copper Cobalt Africa, incorporating the 8th Southern African Base Metals Conference Livingstone, Zambia, 6–8 July 2015 the melt, making it easier to separate the metal from the slag. The smelting of copper sulfide ores in Cyprus lasted for more than 3500 years and produced more than 200 000 tons of copper metal. Many slag heaps remain to this ...
Review of copper pyrometallurgical practice: Today and tomorrow
Abstract. The pyrometallurgical processing of copper varies worldwide with respect to the charge materials, process, operating parameters, and the physical shape, size, and orientation of the ...
Operation and Fundamentals of Direct Anode Copper …
Copper matte converting is an essential process in copper pyrometallurgy. Replacing traditional batch converting in Peirce–Smith converters (PSCs), continuous converting is becoming a new trend. In this work, a thermodynamic modeling of the copper matte continuous converting process was carried out under actual …
Pyrometallurgy
Pyrometallurgy is a high-temperature technique that extracts metals from ores/urban waste streams. Carbon is used as the fuel and reductant in most of the pyrometallurgical …
Review of copper pyrometallurgical practice: today and …
The pyrometallurgical processing of copper varies worldwide with respect to the charge materials, process, operating parameters, and the physical shape, size, and orientation of the vessel. Plant operations may be either batch, semi-continuous, or fully …
Analytical instrumentation for copper pyrometallurgy: …
Keywords: Copper Converter, instrumentation, LIBs, real-time optimization. 1. INTRODUCTION In copper pyrometallurgy, the degree of use of analytical instrumentation for the monitoring and control of the process is limited, so that the information available for the decision-making process during the operation is scarce.
Sensors and Process Control in Copper Smelters: A …
The Cu pyrometallurgy process treats Cu concentrates to produce Cu anodes that are then electro-refined by an electrochemical step in aqueous acid media. The Cu concentrates …
The Role of Research in Pyrometallurgy Technology
The following section highlights the importance of the pyrometallurgy within industrialised society, the issues facing pyrometallurgy, drivers for changes, importance of modelling and profits that can be achieved from transfer towards knowledge-based computer-aided smart-decision-making strategies.. Pyrometallurgy plays a significant …
Thermodynamic simulation model of the isasmelt process for copper …
A computer model has been constructed to simulate thermodynamically the behavior of the minor elements Zn, Pb, As, Sb, and Bi as well as the major elements Cu, Fe, Si, O, and S in the Isasmelt process, producing copper matte. The model is based on the new concept that there are two independent reaction sites in a slag bath: one for fast oxidation and the …
Review of copper pyrometallurgical practice: today and tomorrow
Abstract. The pyrometallurgical processing of copper varies worldwide with respect to the charge materials, process, operating parameters, and the physical shape, size, and orientation of the vessel. Plant operations may be either batch, semi-continuous, or fully continuous to produce blister copper or other end product.