Low-Density and High-Strength Fracking Proppant Made by High …
The market trend for the hydraulic fracking technology is to use fewer chemicals and lower-density, higher-crush-strength proppants, for example, an apparent density less than 3.00 g/cm 3 (bulk density less than 1.65 g/cm 3) and strength no less than 52 MPa.The global market volume for low-density and high-strength proppant is about 2 million tons, and is …
High Strength, Ultra-Lightweight Proppant Lends New
An ideal proppant for hydraulic fracturing should be neutrally buoyant, implying a very low bulk specific gravity, while maintaining crush resistance and low acid solubility.
Modified API/ISO Crush Tests With a Liquid-Saturated Proppant …
Abstract. The American Petroleum Institute (API) crush tests for proppants found in recommended practices (e.g. RP 56, 58, & 60) are typically used to compare the crush resistance of recognized API proppant sizes at a predetermined stress under dry and ambient conditions (API, 1995). This procedure has remained the same through …
Preparation and characterization of high silicon ceramic proppants
The content of low grade bauxite was determined to be 60 wt% to ensure the strength of high silica proppants, and the content of fly ash was designed for 20–40 wt% so that the content of SiO 2 in proppant is higher than Al 2 O 3. Meantime, since both bauxite and fly ash are barren and poor plasticity, a certain amount of clay was added to ...
Propping agents and fracture conductivity
The strength of a ceramic proppant is proportional to its density. Also, the higher-strength proppants, like sintered bauxite, cost more than ISP and LWP. Ceramic proppants are used to stimulate deep ( > 8,000 ft) wells where large values of in-situ stresses will apply large forces on the propping agent. Factors affecting fracture …
A comprehensive review of proppant transport in
Further investigation into the effects of proppant flow with fracturing fluid on proppant particle placement in hydraulic fractures was carried out by Blyton et al. (2018). The authors adopted the same simulation procedure as in Blyton et al. (2015). Particle motion and fracturing fluid between the walls of a fracture was simulated using a ...
Sintering mechanism of high-intensity and low-density ceramic proppants
The results showed that the proppants sintered at 1260°C for 2 h with a heating rate of 5°C min –1 under air atmosphere exhibited high crush resistance and low density, with the breakage ratio of 8.5% under 52 MPa closure pressure and bulk density of 1.65 g cm –3. The proppants prepared by bauxite, waste ceramic sands and sintering aids ...
Preparation and characterization of high silicon ceramic proppants …
In this work high strength ceramic proppants have been successfully prepared by solid state sintering at 1450°C using low grade bauxite and varying contents of feldspar; XRD analysis revealed ...
Proppants
Proppants are typically made up of sand or a manufactured facsimile of sand and are materials (typically silica sand, resin-coated silica sand, or manufactured …
High-density Sintered Bauxite Proppant
High-density Sintered Bauxite Proppant, find complete details about High-density Sintered Bauxite Proppant, sintered bauxite proppant, high strength proppant, high density sintered bauxite proppant - SEPPE ... Made from sintered bauxite, outstanding crush resistance under high closure stress; Available sizes: 12/18, 16/20, 16/30, 20/40, …
ISO 13503-2 Proppant Crush Test for Hydraulic Fracturing …
ISO 13503-2 is the standard test method for determining the hydraulic fracture proppant crush resistance, or crush resistance of proppants. Hydraulic fracturing involves pumping fluids down a well at pressures sufficient to create fractures in the hydrocarbon-bearing rock formation. Proppant is a granular material transported in the fluid to ...
Proppant Crushing Mechanisms Under Reservoir Conditions …
The results showed that ceramic proppants fractured into larger pieces under high confinement, and they maintained that size throughout the test, while sand …
Sintering mechanism of high-intensity and low-density ceramic proppants
The results showed that the proppants sintered at 1260°C for 2 h with a heating rate of 5°C min–1 under air atmosphere exhibited high crush resistance and low density, with the breakage ratio ...
Lightweight Proppant
Introduction. SEPPE ceramic proppant is one of the key components in the fracturing process of oil and gas wells.The introduction of proppants to the process of hydraulic fracturing has brought about increased hydrocarbon production rates and recovery.Proppants prevent fracture closure by keeping the hydraulically created …
Orient Ceratech Ltd
ALPHAPROP SERIES - AHS15 is an intermediate high strength proppant manufactured using bauxite as the principal raw material. Manufactured as per IS-13503-2 standard, AHS15 offers excellent crush resistance at pressures as high as 15000 psi, exhibits low acid solubility and possesses high sphericity and roundness across required sieve …
Proppants
The crush resistance test is performed by crushing a sample of proppants under increasing stresses. The highest stress level (rounded down to the nearest 1000 psi) under which the proppants generate no more than 10% crushed material is defined as the crush resistance (sometimes called the K-value).The higher the crush resistance is, the …
Effects of CaO addition on the properties and microstructure …
Preparation of ceramic proppant. Firstly, two types of low-grade bauxite raw materials were crushed by a fluidized bed air mill. The particle size distribution of the two kinds of low-grade bauxite was tested by a laser particle size analyzer, and the results of the high aluminum type low-grade bauxite and the high iron type low-grade bauxite are …
Preparation and characterization of high-performance ceramic proppant …
This has a considerable impact on the sintering process of ceramic proppants. In addition, the high-grade bauxite was input to improve the molar ratio (Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2) of the formula, which was ...
Impact of reservoir, fracturing fluid and proppant characteristics …
Curable resin coated proppants showed the best resistance against proppant flow back as it forms a consolidated proppant pack. ... Selection of proppant should not be solely on the proppant's crush strength at the applied stress value but should ... (2016) used sandstone sample with 204 MPa elastic limit and high strength …
PROPPANT TABLES / 2015
carbohsp high-density sintered bauxite proppant ... crush resistance mesh 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 20/40 0.1 0.6 1.9 4.2 30/50 2.7 unconfined compressive strength, tested at 2% kci
Lightweight proppants in unconventional oil and natural
It has the characteristics of good compression resistance, high sphericity, corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance. ... They could partially or completely replace high-grade bauxite, and the prepared fracturing proppant could meet the needs of hydraulic fracturing. ... The proppant has stable performance and crush …
Extensive analysis of single ceramic proppant fracture
Although researchers have identified sintered bauxite ceramic proppants as a better replacement for natural sand, understanding their realistic mechanical behaviour and performance under in-situ fracture environments is of uttermost importance (Herskovits et al., 2016).Although ceramic proppants are considered as a better replacement, their …
Ultra-light weight proppant: Synthesis, characterization, and
Ideal proppants for hydraulic fracturing should have specific gravity less than 2.0 g/cm 3, ... To analyze the crush resistance of proppants, the sample was sieved into two sets, (A) corresponding to #30/60 and (B) to #16/30. ... High strength, ultra-lightweight proppant lends new dimensions to hydraulic fracturing applications. SPE 84308-PA
(PDF) The Effect of Sintering Temperature on Phase …
The results showed that the proppants sintered at 1260°C for 2 h with a heating rate of 5°C min–1 under air atmosphere exhibited high crush resistance and low density, with the breakage ratio ...
Preparation and characterization of high-performance …
resulting from the raw materials of high-alumina bauxite, and higher fracturing operation conditions are also required. erefore, exploring low-cost, low-density, and high-breakage-resistance ...
Low-temperature sintering of bauxite-based fracturing proppants
Bauxite-based fracturing proppants with high strengths were prepared at sintering temperatures below 1200 °C via the addition of CaO and MnO 2.The effects of CaO and MnO 2 addition on the sintering behavior and the crush resistance of the bauxite-based proppants were investigated. The addition of CaO and MnO 2 promoted …
Basic principle, progress, and prospects of coal gangue ceramic proppants
Ceramic proppants are preferred in hydraulic fracturing because of their high strength, good sphericity, and excellent acid corrosion resistance. Bauxite is the main raw material of ceramic proppants, but with the increasing depletion of bauxite resources, substitutes for bauxite need to be sought.
Micro-proppant placement in hydraulic and natural
A high micro-proppant concentration results in proppant trapping at the inlet of the narrow fracture and high resistance to the flow, thereby the fracture conductivity is reduced. Moreover, if the fractures are wide and admissive, the micro-proppants with high concentration may fill all the channels and void spaces, forming a solid pack of ...
Proppant Crushing Mechanisms Under Reservoir Conditions …
Similarly, Assem and Nasr-El-Din found that the crush resistance of proppants varies with the type of acid used in the fracturing process and crush resistance tends to decrease when the mud acid concentration increases. The results were 147% for bauxite proppant packs at 12:3 mud acid concentration (12.0 wt% HCl and 3.0 …
Sintex Minerals
SinterMax is a bauxite based ultra high strength proppant. It is used in the fracturing process of oil and gas wells, at high closure stress, over 20.000 psi. ... EZFLOW-PROP is a bauxite based light weight proppant. it is used in the fracturing process of oil and gas wells, at high closure stress, over 5.000 psi. Download Technical Data Sheet.